Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene polymorphism and Breast cancer Risk Among Arab Omani Women:A case-control study

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with significant global burden. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an important regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and mitogenic and antiapoptotic activities. Some studies suggested an association between cytosine adenine (CA) repeats gene polymorphisms of IGF1 and the risk of developing breast cancer while other studies did not find such an association. This study aims investigate the role of IGF1 (CA) repeats gene polymorphisms in the risk of developing breast cancer among Omani women. Methods We analyzed (CA) repeats gene polymorphisms of IGF1 by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 147 patients with breast cancer and 134 control participants and performed genotyping using DNA sequencing. Results Approximately 46% of patients carried the IGF (CA) 19 repeat allele, with 31.3% carrying two copies of this allele and 50% of controls carried the IGF (CA) 19 repeat allele with 30.1% carrying two copies of this allele. The difference of the IGF CA repeat groups was significant between cases and controls with ( P = 0.02). In contrast, there was no difference in the distribution of (CA) 19 repeat allele, (CA) 18 repeat allele and (CA) 19 repeat allele between cases and controls. The difference of the CA groups was significant between cases and controls among postmenopausal women with ( P = 0.026), whereas no difference was observed among postmenopausal subjects ( P = 0.429). In both pre- and postmenopausal groups there was no difference in the distribution of (CA) 19 repeat allele, (CA) 18 repeat allele and (CA) 20 repeat allele between patients and control subjects. On further IGF1 genotypes classification, we found an association between progesterone receptor status and the genotypes group where the non carrier of (CA) 19 repeat group was compared to (CA) 19 repeat carrier group (OR = 2.482; 95% CI = 1.119–5.503; P value = 0.023). Conclusion Overall there was no association between the IGF (CA) 19 repeat and breast cancer in Omani females

Risk of breast cancer in the UK biobank female cohort and its relationship to anthropometric and reproductive factors

<div><p>Background</p><p>Anthropometric and reproductive factors have been reported as being established risk factors for breast cancer (BC). This study explores the contribution of anthropometric and reproductive factors in UK females developing BC in a large longitudinal cohort.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Data from the UK Biobank prospective study of 273,467 UK females were analyzed. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each factor were adjusted for age, family history of BC and deprivation score. The analyses were stratified by the menopausal status.</p><p>Results</p><p>Over the 9 years of follow up the total number of BC cases were 14,231 with 3,378 (23.7%) incident cases with an incidence rate of 2.09 per 1000 person-years. In pre-menopausal, increase in age, height, having low BMI, low waist to hip ratio, first degree family history of BC, early menarche age, nulliparous, late age at first live birth, high reproductive interval index, and long contraceptive use duration were all significantly associated with an increased BC risk. In post-menopausal, getting older, being taller, having high BMI, first degree BC family history, nulliparous, late age at first live birth, and high reproductive interval index were all significantly associated with an increased risk of BC. The population attributable fraction (PAF) suggested that an early first live birth, lower reproductive interval index and increased number of children can contribute to BC risk reduction up to 50%.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study utilizes the UK Biobank study to confirm associations between anthropometric and reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer development. Result of attributable fraction of risk contributed by each risk factor suggested that lifetime risk of BC can be reduced by controlling weight, reassessing individual approaches to the timing of childbirth and options for contraception and considering early screening for women with family history in the first degree relative.</p></div

Relative risk of key characteristics and anthropometric factors in pre- and post- menopausal females.

<p>Relative risk of key characteristics and anthropometric factors in pre- and post- menopausal females.</p

Population attributable fraction (PAF) among modifiable breast cancer risk factors according to the menopausal status.

<p>Population attributable fraction (PAF) among modifiable breast cancer risk factors according to the menopausal status.</p

Mean comparisons between cases and controls in pre- and post-menopause status.

<p>Mean comparisons between cases and controls in pre- and post-menopause status.</p

Relative risks of the reproductive factors based on the menopausal status.

<p>Relative risks of the reproductive factors based on the menopausal status.</p

UK biobank data distribution based on menopausal status.

<p>UK biobank data distribution based on menopausal status.</p